FDA
Khuyến Cáo Hai Trường Hợp Nhiễm Trùng Phát Hiện Tại Mỹ
1) Trường Hợp Thứ Nhất: nhiều người theo
dõi mấy ngày nay là vi trùng E.Coli loại 0157.H7 đột phát
gây bệnh cho 109 người. Trong số này 16 bệnh nhân bị hội chứng Hemolytic
Uremic Syndrome (HUS) và một người bị tử vong.
Vi trùng E. Coli 0157H7 gây tiêu chảy, đôi khi có máu. Phần lớn bệnh khỏi
trong vòng 1 tuần lễ. Một số bệnh nhân trẻ em và người già bị hội chứng
HUS, làm suy thận, và trường hợp nặng bị tử vong. FDA khuyến cáo rau spinach
nhiễm vi trùng E. Coli.
Hiện có 19 tiểu bang ở Mỹ bị nhiễm E. Coli 0157.H7, kể cả California.
1) FDA Statement on Foodborne E. coli O157:H7
Outbreak in Spinach
Update: Sunday, September 17, 2006
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will continue to provide the
public with regular updates on the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak each day until
further notice.
Case Reports
To date, 109 cases of illness due to E. coli infection have been reported
to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including 16
cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) and one death. Illnesses continue
to be reported to CDC. This is considered to be an ongoing investigation.
Symptoms of E. coli O157:H7 Illness
E. coli O157:H7 causes diarrhea, often with bloody stools. Although most
healthy adults can recover completely within a week, some people can develop
a form of kidney failure called HUS. HUS is most likely to occur in young
children and the elderly. The condition can lead to serious kidney damage
and even death.
States Affected
There are 19 confirmed states: California, Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana,
Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Consumer Advice
FDA advises consumers to not eat fresh spinach or fresh spinach-containing
products until further notice. If individuals believe they may have experienced
symptoms of illness after consuming fresh spinach or fresh spinach-containing
products, FDA recommends that they seek medical advice...
FDA continues to work closely with the CDC and state and local agencies
to determine the cause and scope of the E.coli outbreak in spinach. Please
check www.fda.gov
for updates.
2) Trường Hợp Thứ
2: Nhiễm Trùng Botulism do bất cẩn dự trữ nước Cà Rốt trong tủ lạnh,
kể cả vấn đề không khử trùng nước Cà Rốt trưóc khi
uống. Hiện phát hiện 3 trường hợp nhiễm vi trùng Botulism trong đồ ăn
tại Georgia. Nhiễm trùng Botulism rất trầm trọng, gây tê liệt thần kinh,
có thể tử vong. Trong vi trùng Botulism có độc tố Clostridium Botulinum
nếu bị nhiễm, phải cấp cứu. Triệu chứng gồm có mí mắt xụp xuống, nhìn
một thành hai, giọng nói thay đổi hay không thể nói được, không nuốt được,
tê liệt từ cổ trở xuống, cả 2 bên cơ thể, có khi làm khó thở. Bệnh nhân
phải vào phòng cấp cứu ngay.
2) FDA Consumer Advisory on Refrigeration
of Carrot Juice
Three Cases of Botulism Possibly Caused by Improper Refrigeration
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is advising consumers of the
vital importance of keeping carrot juice—including pasteurized carrot
juice—refrigerated. There are three cases of botulism in the state of
Georgia associated with pasteurized carrot juice that may have been due
to the product not being properly refrigerated.
FDA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and health
authorities in Georgia have been closely monitoring and continue to investigate
these three cases of foodborne botulism.
On September 15, 2006, Georgia health authorities issued a press statement,
which in part stated the following: "…At this time we believe that
these three cases are an isolated incident…. During the investigation,
other community members have been identified as having purchased and consumed
the same product from the same vendor within the past three weeks. These
persons have not become ill or developed any symptoms. The fact that additional
cases have not been identified suggests that the toxin was not present
before the sale of the product…"
"Because botulism is such a potentially serious illness, we want
to remind consumers that it is critical to refrigerate carrot juice for
safety. Consumers should not keep carrot juice unrefrigerated," said
Dr. Robert Brackett, Director of FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied
Nutrition (CFSAN). Inadequate refrigeration of carrot juice allows botulinum
spores to multiply to the level at which they can cause illness.
Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by botulinum toxin,
a nerve poison that under certain conditions is produced by Clostridium
botulinum, a bacterium commonly found in soil. Botulism can be fatal and
is considered a medical emergency. Foodborne botulism is not common in
the United States; an average of 24 cases are reported each year. Botulinum
poisoning can result in the following symptoms: double-vision, droopy
eyelids and altered voice or trouble with speaking or swallowing, and
paralysis on both sides of the body that progresses from the neck down,
possibly followed by difficulty in breathing. People experiencing these
problems should seek immediate medical attention.
Adequate refrigeration is one of the keys to food safety. Cold temperatures
keep most harmful pathogens from growing and multiplying. Refrigerator
temperatures should be no higher than 40°F and freezers no higher then
0°F. Consumers should check the temperatures occasionally with an appliance
thermometer.
Consumers should look for the words "Keep Refrigerated" or "Refrigerate
After Opening" on juice labels to know whether the product should
be refrigerated. FDA is looking into whether the industry is providing
clear labeling on refrigeration of juice products during storage.
Guidance on labeling of foods that need refrigeration by consumers, particularly
for safety, is available at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr970224.html
Consumers with questions about juice safety also may call 1-800-SAFEFOOD
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